Python 编码转换与中文处理
python 中的 unicode是让人很困惑、比较难以理解的问题. utf-8是unicode的一种实现方式，unicode、gbk、gb2312是编码字符集.
decode是将普通字符串按照参数中的编码格式进行解析，然后生成对应的unicode对象
写python时遇到的中文编码问题：
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➜ /test sudo vim test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
def weather():
import time
import re
import urllib2
import itchat
hearders = "User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36"
url = "<a href="https://tianqi.moji.com/weather/china/guangdong/shantou" style="text-decoration-line: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; color: rgb(42, 0, 255) !important; border-radius: 0px !important; background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 26px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; min-height: auto !important;">https://tianqi.moji.com/weather/china/guangdong/shantou</a>"
par = '(<meta name="description" content=")(.*?)(">)'
opener = urllib2.build_opener()
opener.addheaders = [hearders]
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
html = urllib2.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
data = re.search(par,html).group(2)
print type(data)
data.encode('gb2312')
b = '天气预报'
print type(b)
c = b + '\n' + data
print c
weather()
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➜ /test sudo python test.py
<type 'unicode'>
<type 'str'>
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 30, in <module>
weather()
File "test.py", line 28, in weather
c = b + '\n' + data
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe5 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)
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解决方法：
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➜ /test sudo vim test.py
#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
reload(sys)
sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8')
def weather():
import time
import re
import urllib2
import itchat
hearders = "User-Agent","Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36"
url = "<a href="https://tianqi.moji.com/weather/china/guangdong/shantou" style="text-decoration-line: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; color: rgb(42, 0, 255) !important; border-radius: 0px !important; background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 26px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; min-height: auto !important;">https://tianqi.moji.com/weather/china/guangdong/shantou</a>"
par = '(<meta name="description" content=")(.*?)(">)'
opener = urllib2.build_opener()
opener.addheaders = [hearders]
urllib2.install_opener(opener)
html = urllib2.urlopen(url).read().decode("utf-8")
data = re.search(par,html).group(2)
print type(data)
data.encode('gb2312')
b = '天气预报'
print type(b)
c = b + '\n' + data
print c
weather()
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测试后：
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➜ /test sudo python test.py
<type 'unicode'>
<type 'str'>
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天气预报
汕头市今天实况：20度 多云，湿度：57%，东风：2级。白天：20度,多云。 夜间：晴，13度，天气偏凉了，墨迹天气建议您穿上厚些的外套或是保暖的羊毛衫，年老体弱者可以选择保暖的摇粒绒外套。
个人感觉网上说中文乱码通用解决办法都是错误的，因为类型不一样解决方法也不一样，所以最近刚好出现了这种问题，从网上找了很多办法没解决到，最后自己去查看资料，才发现需要对症下药。
这是一个抓取网页代码的python脚本
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➜ /test sudo cat file.py
#!/usr/bin/python
import urllib,urllib2
import re
url = '<a href="http://sports.sohu.com/nba.shtml" style="text-decoration-line: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; color: rgb(42, 0, 255) !important; border-radius: 0px !important; background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 26px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; min-height: auto !important;">http://sports.sohu.com/nba.shtml</a>'
par = '20180125.*\">(.*?)</a></li>'
req = urllib2.Request(url)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
print type(response)
print response
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遇到的问题：
使用中文抓取中文网页时，print出来的中文会出现乱码
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➜ /test sudo python file.py
special.wait({
itemspaceid : 99999,
form:"bigView",
adsrc : 200,
order : 1,
max_turn : 1,
spec :{
onBeforeRender: function(){
},
onAfterRender: function(){
},
isCloseBtn:true//�Ƿ��йرհ�ť
}
});
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解决方法：
查看网页源代码发现charset=GBK的类型所以python中要进行类型转换
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➜ /test sudo cat file.py
#!/usr/bin/python
import urllib,urllib2
import re
url = '<a href="http://sports.sohu.com/nba.shtml" style="text-decoration-line: none; margin: 0px !important; padding: 0px !important; color: rgb(42, 0, 255) !important; border-radius: 0px !important; background: none !important; border: 0px !important; bottom: auto !important; float: none !important; height: auto !important; left: auto !important; line-height: 26px !important; outline: 0px !important; overflow: visible !important; position: static !important; right: auto !important; top: auto !important; vertical-align: baseline !important; width: auto !important; box-sizing: content-box !important; min-height: auto !important;">http://sports.sohu.com/nba.shtml</a>'
par = '20180125.*\">(.*?)</a></li>'
req = urllib2.Request(url)
response = urllib2.urlopen(req).read()
response = unicode(response,'GBK').encode('UTF-8')
print type(response)
print response
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➜ /test sudo python file.py
special.wait({
itemspaceid : 99999,
form:"bigView",
adsrc : 200,
order : 1,
max_turn : 1,
spec :{
onBeforeRender: function(){
},
onAfterRender: function(){
},
isCloseBtn:true//是否有关闭按钮
}
});
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现在已经把中文乱码解决了
import json
#打印字典
dict = {‘name’: ‘张三’}
print json.dumps(dict, encoding=“UTF-8”, ensure_ascii=False) >>>{‘name’: ‘张三’}
#打印列表
list = [{‘name’: ‘张三’}]
print json.dumps(list, encoding=“UTF-8”, ensure_ascii=False) >>>[{‘name’: ‘张三’}]
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